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My story - where it all started (part 1)

Over the weekend, while sitting on my couch, in a beautiful city called Doha (located in Qatar) some 3363 nautical miles away from home (Johannesburg, South Africa), I recalled some incidents of my life that brought me to this point in my life. This thought, actually started a week ago when a friend played a song that I bought myself – a song I used to play often in my car when I arrived in Qatar, 2 years ago. I never knew my friend back then neither did I know the real meaning of the song, (an Arabic song, “MeshA’aref atghayar”), but I knew it was a sad song and it was so fitting at the time, as I had just arrived in Qatar, alone without my family and little emotional of my life. My thoughts left unattended that day found its way back to me over the weekend. 





In an effort to uncover them, I have decided to write it on my blog exactly the way it is in my head – I’ll be sharing my life, the sad and the good, then I’ll bring you back to Qatar where I will tell you more about this amazing place that brought peace to my soul.

Being a South African and pushing against the politics of a western nation as a Muslim left me often feeling cheated. I was a 4th generation Muslim female growing up in a country that had a turbulent history in terms of race and freedom and as if that was not hard enough, I often felt life dealt me an odd set of cards because of life as a young person.

My story seemed to have begun with my mother becoming a revert to Islam - it seemed like the most treacherous sin ever, even bigger than killing someone perhaps that she reverted to Islam - how dare a revert from the Indian community seek solace in the circle of the Muslim community? As strange as it sounds, that was the reaction my mother endured for most of her Muslim life. The tiring burdening cultural differences of the country seemed lesser of a issue as my mother’s quest to be accepted seemed to have been a self induced war because of her love for my father.

My mother married my dad (a Muslim) and embraced Islam for him but that reason soon became a misery that passed on to us, her children - we were never really "Muslim" according to people. I remember the day when I was about 5, my mother dressed me up in a red short sleeved t-shirt and a knee length pants but was told by the Muslim elders, that it was not permissible. So instead of opting for summer fashion, I lived winter all my life. While they were correct, what was not, was imposing that behaviour on a 5 year old whose mother was just letting her be a child. What became a norm to me was seen as bizarre to others but nonetheless my mother was destined not to be shot down so easily. It was like a boxing match and in my mother’s corner; there were a few people, good people, who assisted with her reversion into Islam and while I don’t know all of them, I do make dua, they will be amply rewarded for the good they bestowed upon my mother and indirectly us, her children.[Inshallah].

Instead of giving up, she enforced a reverse approach in an effort almost to prove a point. I remember the days when my family was conveniently not invited to weddings or sitting alone with my mother through some Eids while my dad and brothers went to pray or opened shop as a means of passing-time.

Our parents tried their hardest in the midst of their own battles to give us a good life; money was little but so well spent and appreciated. Sundays was our pleasure day, a trip to “Games”, the store to get our weekly share of chocolates and other smallies that made our weekend glow. I loved going for drives in the car, often stopping at the side fruit grocer to pick the fruit of the season or those really cool stick bubble gums that came with the world flag series stickers. Those were the days when stamps were cool and lime milkshake was the treat of the week. My brothers were darlings (I had no sisters) so I was typically the tomboy – either hiding out in our secret valley (a bush that seemed to shelter some shade and privacy from the rest of the world) or building tents – it always fell over though. We had some chickens and cats too – my eldest brother was tasked with taking care of the rooster and chickens while the cats seemed to have found a home with us. I wonder what happened to those chickens…the rooster used to be my eldest brothers friend. We used to race to the door, when we knew the milk was delivered. Clover Milk - yummy, in glass and creamy as ever. In front of our house, we had a piece of open land, my mother and brother homed some corn, herbs, wrinkled lemon, guava, mango and avocado trees…Somewhere in there too was the home of the chickens and at the back of the “garden”, was a tree filled with black berries. The sky used to be the prettiest blue with the clouds, all low hung and as bouncy and cuddly as they come.

I love the taste of fresh lemons and often ate them off the tree.

When we young, we used to take many trips to the South coast, two places of note are, “Port Shepstone and “Margate” – it was resort city, ideal break away with horse riding, windy palm breezes, sandy shores, picnic time, shell hunting, boat rides and games… it was mini paradise.

My eldest brother, often now perceived as “stubborn” is actually a sweetheart but filled with a heart of emotion possibly even greater than mines as he leads with 4 years gap over me. Now he often laughs when his son, says something to him, and while we all try to spoil the little guy like there is no tomorrow,in lieu of our past, we are trying equally hard to make sure that as the head of the next generation (in our family), he has strong values and is a true Muslim. Filtering the western out from him is more difficult than our times though, considering he gives us a run for our money – he never quits on a hearty debate especially when it’s a question of animals or dvd’s! My little politician (and national geographic fan) and I often used to sit in my bed on Sunday afternoons watching movies, while he would engross me in discussions over whales (pronounced way hools) and sharks. They were apparently the best he’d known until now that is – its dragons right now, namely one in particular, “Toothless”.

My often dubbed “twin” is second brother who is younger than me by a year, we spent a lot of time being naughty and getting big brother into trouble because of our naughtiness. None the less we did all put in building the Saturday afternoon lunch tent, even if it was a failure from the start :D. Mind you now he has 3 little gremlins of his own and his boy, the only one, is the naughtiest fellow, even more so that his self pro-claimed princess sisters. Strangely enough his first and second are a year apart too:)

7 years on, came the youngest, a great disappointment for me at first as I was expecting a sister and got another brother *pfft*…all in all he turned out to be cute pumpkin of a baby whom we loved and fought to carry. In a few months, he borders on new territory, as he gets ready to tie the knot, Inshallah. So that leaves me officially as the only unmarried one – my mother prefers to call me the only baby in the house *how cute*.

My dad, a very reserved person, often till this day, does not talk much. He is retired now, enjoying life and works just to fill his time. Back when were young, he spent tiring days in the business to see us through school and university with the help of my mother, they accomplished well-appreciated life together

. 

No one ever claimed that happiness is sweet

"No one ever claimed that happiness is sweet". In fact some years ago, my day dreams took me on round tour of this very statement and helped me to find a ground breaking change in my life.







I could never find a single reason why I should be unhappy considering I had a colossal energy draining few months. The incidents in the those months however could not be the reason for my unhappiness because even prior to their existence, I had felt a blank space in me. It was like I was an alien in my own life and so questioning myself made me realise that I am not unhappy. The next obvious question, then, is "Why do I worry so much?". As if the worries and the blatant inability to down nutrition had lost me and prompted me to question this more, I could not help but realise the power of my mind or the gift of communication.



 You see many people spend years trying to find happiness yet it has always been there. For example, I could decide that, to be happy, I have got to eat an ice cream and in doing so, it does present that happiness however shortly thereafter the feeling is gone and yet another is needed to satisfy me. That need for happiness will constantly come up until I can tender to it no more and depression sets in. For goodness sake, how many ice creams can I possibly eat in a day. Following on, even though my marker was set on ice creams it did not secure happiness in its entirety but certainly presented two known points, "temporary happiness" and "my amazing mind". Yes that’s right, the latter is the genius! So if I tricked my mind well enough, I could make it believe things it would never ordinarily believe but how do I do this without allowing the thought of what I was conjuring up, to play my conscious like a cheat.



And so I found the prolonged art of the mind that requires you to let go, be patient and be persistent. It meant that I would have to believe in what I wanted and just let go, let go in order to calm myself, be patient and create a sanctuary up in my very own mind. My conscious will always play games but belief always screws that challenge right back to where it came from. That would mean letting go of my hates, letting go of my "normal human behaviour", letting go of my follower attitude, letting go of my old habits, letting go of the past and just be a different person.



 And so I decided to put my theory to the test...It’s a challenge to let go and resistance in letting go was an even bigger problem. As my friends went about their normal lifestyles stacking up on couture, fine luxury, chaotic lifestyles, weighty arguments, irrational venting sessions and their need to steal the corporate limelight, I was trying to move away from it all. Irrevocably the question did come up, "Am I doing the right thing?".



Time certainly answered that question. Over the months, as I watched all this staging around me, I un-noticeably was becoming a lot more acceptable of my different approach to life - seeing my friends delight in their modern day entertainment whilst my pleasure contained meditation time (with God) and separation from peer pressure, I found myself absorbed in nature, its beauty and the amazing creatures in my garden that I almost forgot about. An ant in my path was a friend and no longer an enemy. I had seen birds in my garden that I never saw before and flowers, their scents and beauty encapsulating me like a Sunday afternoon fling.

But I could not hide out in the garden all my life nor in the comforts of my room, I had to have discussions with others, I had to be a person, I had to live within the laws of this world. And so I acquired this challenge working on communication and talking about the present, the past, emotions and disparities. In my conversations with God, it seems so easy and that’s because it’s always one way traffic. That was the marvel technique that, "one way traffic" that got me started on my next journey. Communicating – it involved listening and giving feedback and in arguments, a silent patient approach and a heart of a rock. As I uncovered, we all vent in different ways and so I should leave the person to say what’s on their mind. The flip side of conversations is that they can go bad and often it becomes pointed and normally when it is pointed, it pushes you into a defensive spot. You see the trick was to ignore the normal human behaviour for a start. In acquiring the patience though it was not easy and the only way I secured this patience, was through prayer. My belief in God and his destiny for me (on a daily basis) forces me to be patient and know that everything happens for a reason. This point even holds firm in the things that happen in our lives.

Today I can tell you, in tears still, I can be patient. Regardless of where and how, conversations can be good or bad. In the good, I need to listen and talk about my life in meaningful ways. If I have no meaningful words or good advice, I should not speak. I can share an experience and I can make someone smile or laugh but I should always conduct myself in a positive manner; and in the bad, the ability to defend my point of view is a given but I reversed that action and adopted a silent approach to curing that case forcing the future. I never want to squabble but being human, these things stumble on you and in its appearance, holding patience showed its beauty. Of course it takes masses amounts of persistency because not everyone reacts the way you hope but the persistency is key to bringing back calm. In the relevance of our state of happiness, we don’t all need to be the same, we don’t need everything, we don’t need much actually and we don’t all have the same thoughts and opinions - we just need to be happy in our own world, to delight in what we have.

No one said happiness would come without some tears but even in tears we have some delight of the past or the future.

I have created a monster in my head that is destined to be happy no matter the circumstance. God gave us beautiful gifts in nature all inclusive of ourselves and yet often we neglect our biology’s - the very key to our self-accomplished fame. No one ever said happiness was sweet but rather a state of contentment that only we ourselves can give ourselves. It is also a thought, that everything we hear is not what we want to hear but rather a lesson that, those words are the echo of another’s happiness and acceptance of their happiness is a beauty in its own regard…

XHTML Document Header Resource

This XHTML header tags resource is a work in progress, perpetually expanding and evolving as new information is obtained, explored, and integrated. Hopefully, you will find it useful in some way. Even better, perhaps you will share any complimentary or critical information concerning the contents of this article.

Table of Contents

• Important Information
• XML Declaration
• The !DOCTYPE
• The html tag
• The head tag
• The title tag
• base & item
• http-equiv
• link tags
• meta tags
• Geo meta tags
• Dublin Core tags
• References

Important Information [ ^ ]

This article presents information as concisely as possible, and is intended as a general overview of XHTML header tags. More detailed header tag information is available elsewhere. In this article, each tag is presented along with a brief definition or explanation. Where two (or more) tag examples are provided, the first is a generalized version while others represent specific situations.

It is important to note that, when writing XHTML code, all tags (e.g., meta, link, head) and their corresponding attributes (e.g., href, rel, content) must be expressed entirely in lowercase character. However, the values of tag attributes are entirely case-insensitive. Also, valid XHTML also requires all tag elements to be closed. Thus, remember to close elements such as link, base, and meta with a "space-slash-bracket" (" />").

XML Declaration (Prolog) [ ^ ]

The XML Declaration, or prolog, is used in conjuction with XHTML and is not required for HTML documents. As XML documents, pages structured via XHTML should begin with an XML declaration:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="windows-1250"?>

Note: documents using UTF-8 character encoding (default) do not need to use this declaration. Omission of the XML declaration is useful to prevent Internet Explorer from switching to “quirks mode.”

XHTML/HTML !DOCTYPE [ ^ ]

This tag, used in conjunction with http-equiv content-type, provides complete document content information, equipping modern browsing devices to correctly interpret document contents.

HTML 4.01 !DOCTYPE

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd">

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Frameset//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/frameset.dtd">

XHTML 1.0 !DOCTYPE

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Frameset//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-frameset.dtd">

The html tag [ ^ ]

The html tag encloses all subsequent tags. The html tag may include various attributes, including one declaring any XML Name Space (xmlns), and another declaring various other XML properties (xml:property="value").

Use this for HTML:

<html></html>

Use this for XHTML 1.0 and 1.1:

<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en"></html>

And use this for XHTML 2.0:

<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2002/06/xhtml2"

     xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

     xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.w3.org/2002/06/xhtml2 TBD"

     xml:lang="en"></html>

The head tag [ ^ ]

The head tag encloses much of the documents “meta” information, and may include the following tags: <code>, <base>, <link>, <meta>, <script>, <style>, <title>. There are several attributes that may be included in the head tag, as shown in the following examples:

<head dir="ltr | rtl" id="unique alphanumeric identifier" lang="language code" profile="url"></head>

<head dir="ltr" id="head-id" lang="EN" profile="http://gmpg.org/xfn/11"></head>

The title tag [ ^ ]

The title tag is a crucial part of any web document. An effective title may help the search ranking of the document. We all know this one:

<title>The Document Title< /title>

base & item [ ^ ]

The base tag indicates a predefined target base for all relative links provided on the page (related tag: http-equiv window-target). Using the base tag ensures relative links reach their targets even if the structure of the site directory changes. Further, the base tag is a great way to save bandwidth and simplify code by writing long URLs, parameterized URLs, and other unsightly URLs only once and out of view. Perhaps the most underrated of all tags. Here are two examples; the first defines an external target while the second instructs all links to open in a new window:

<base href="http://www.domain.com/index.html"/>

<base target="_blank"/>

The item tag defines specific objects referenced in the document:

<item label="label" url="http://www.domain.com/"/></item>

http-equiv [ ^ ]

http-equiv tags send the browser information involving the actual processing of the web document itself. http-equiv tags effectively function in the same way as HTTP headers sent directly by the server, and are responsible for specifying actions related to content caching, location redirection, and page refreshing. The term “http-equiv” indicates its equivalence with HTTP headers, which are frequently generated from HTML tags such as http-equiv.

http-equiv window-target

The http-equiv window-target tag indicates a predefined target base for all relative links provided on the page (related tag: base). Using the http-equiv window-target tag ensures relative links reach their targets even if the structure of the site directory changes. Further, the base tag is a great way to save bandwidth and simplify code by writing long URLs, parameterized URLs, and other unsightly URLs only once and out of view. Here are examples showing some popular instances of the http-equiv window-target tag:

<meta http-equiv="window-target" content="../../relative/directory/"/>

<meta http-equiv="window-target" content="http://external-domain.com/dir/"/>

<meta http-equiv="window-target" content="_top"/>

<meta http-equiv="window-target" content="_parent"/>

<meta http-equiv="window-target" content="_blank"/>

<meta http-equiv="window-target" content="_none"/>

[ Note: for more information on available target attribute values, check out our delightful article, The Friendliest Link Targets in the Neighborhood. ]

http-equiv content-style-type & content-script-type

The http-equiv content-style-type & content-script-type tags indicate document style and script types, respectively, thereby permitting their omission from corresponding tags> For example, inclusion of the http-equiv content-style-type tag with a content value of text/css permits the document authors to omit this information when writing all subsequent < style> tags.

<meta http-equiv="content-style-type" content="text/css"/>

<meta http-equiv="content-script-type" content="text/javascript"/>

http-equiv content-type

The content-type tag specifies the document content type and corresponding character set. Examples of character type include UTF-8, ISO-8859-1, ISO-2022-JP. This tag instructs Netscape Navigator to load the appropriate character set before displaying the document contents. This tag should always be used in conjuction with the DTD declaration within the !DOCTYPE statement. Providing both DTD and http-equiv content-type ensures correct character interpretation and display.

<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"/>

<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=US-ASCII"/>

<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"/>

Here is a (partial) list of character sets (charsets) commonly used to encode XHTML documents:

• utf-8
• utf-16
• iso-8859-1
• windows-1250
• iso-8859-2

http-equiv content-language

The http-equiv content-language tag specifies the language used in the document. All supported languages are RFC-1766 compliant. Some supported languages include: BG (Bulgarian), CS (Czech), DA (Danish), DE (German), EL (Greek), EN (English), EN-GB (English-Great Britain), EN-US (English-United States), ES (Spanish), ES-ES (Spanish-Spain), FI (Finnish), HR (Croatian), IT (Italian), FR (French), FR-CA (French-Quebec), FR-FR (French-France), IT (Italian), JA (Japanese), KO (Korean), NL (Dutch), NO (Norwegian), PL (Polish), PT (Portuguese), RU (Russian), SV (Swedish), ZH (Chinese).

<meta http-equiv="content-language" content="EN"/>

http-equiv pragma & cache-control

The http-equiv pragma & cache-control tags are used together to control document caching and archiving. There are several methods of controlling how search engines and other clients crawl site content. If possible, use a robots.txt or htaccess file to accomplish caching directives. If it is not possible or preferable to use either of these files, the http-equiv pragma & cache-control tags are preferred over the popular meta robots tag, as their caching influence is more universally affectual. Possible content values include: public (content may be cached in public shared caches), private (content may only be cached in private cache), no-cache (content may not be cached), and no-store (content may be cached but not archived).

<meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache"/>

<meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache"/>

http-equiv reply-to

The http-equiv reply-to tag specifies contact information (related tag: meta reply-to):

<meta http-equiv="reply-to" content="spam@spamcity.com"/>

http-equiv refresh

The http-equiv refresh tag is used to redirect or refresh the document, but is no longer recommended because of the exclusion rules of several major search engines. The preferable method for URL redirection is via htaccess and mod_rewrite⁴. The content value, “x” in our example, determines the amount of time in seconds before which the browser will be redirected or refreshed according to the specified URL (related tag: meta refresh).

<meta http-equiv="refresh" content="x; url=http://www.domain.com/doc.html"/>

http-equiv set-cookie

The http-equiv set-cookie tag creates a persistent cookie according to specified attributes, which include: value (the name of the cookie), n (the value of the cookie), date (the date/time of expiry), and url (the associated cookie path, if any). When the expiry date value is null, the cookie is deleted after the current session. The expiry date should be expressed in RFC850 format.

<meta http-equiv="Set-Cookie" content="value=n; expires=date; path=url"/>

<meta http-equiv="Set-Cookie" content="pie=3.14159265358979; expires=Monday, 04-July-50 07:07:07 GMT; path=./path/"/>

http-equiv expires

The http-equiv expires tag specifies an expiry date/time for the document. All date/time stamps must be generated in Greenwich Mean Time⁵ (GMT) and in RFC 1123 format. For more information on GMT formatting, check out our article, Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) Formats. Related tag: meta expires.

<meta http-equiv="expires" content="Mon, 04 Jul 2050 07:07:07 GMT" />

http-equiv page-enter

The http-equiv page-enter tag instructs compatible browsers to apply the specified transition to your page upon entering. Set the Duration value to the amount of time over which the transition should occur. Set the Transition value to the corresponding transitional effect (see below). Note that this trick will not work with frames.

<meta http-equiv="page-enter" content="RevealTrans(Duration=second;Transition=n)"/>

http-equiv page-exit

The http-equiv page-exit tag instructs compatible browsers to apply the specified transition to your page upon page exit. Set the Duration value to the amount of time over which the transition should occur. Set the Transition value to the corresponding transitional effect (see below). Note that this trick will not work with frames.

<meta http-equiv="page-exit" content="RevealTrans(Duration=second;Transition=n)"/>

Here is a list of transition numbers and their corresponding transitional effects:

• 0 - Box in
• 1 - Box out
• 2 - Circle in
• 3 - Circle out
• 4 - Wipe up
• 5 - Wipe down
• 6 - Wipe right
• 7 - Wipe left
• 8 - Vertical blinds
• 9 - Horizontal blinds
• 10 - Checkerboard across
• 11 - Checkerboard down
• 12 - Random dissolve
• 13 - Split vertical in
• 14 - Split vertical out
• 15 - Split horizontal in
• 16 - Split horizontal out
• 17 - Strips left down
• 18 - Strips left up
• 19 - Strips right down
• 20 - Strips right up
• 21 - Random bars horizontal
• 22 - Random bars vertical
• 23 - Random

miscellaneous http-equiv attributes

<meta http-equiv="imagetoolbar" content="no" />

<meta http-equiv="MsThemeCompatible" content="no" />

link tags ⁶ [ ^ ]

link next

The link next tag specifies the URL of the next document (in a series of documents) that the agent/browser should load:

<link rel="next" href="[Next URL in series]"/>

link prev

The link prev tag specifies the URL of the previous document in a series of documents:

<link rel="prev" href="[Previous URL in series]"/>

link prefetch

The link prefetch tag specifies a URL which should preload:

<link rel="prefetch" href="[URL to preload]"/>

link stylesheet

The link stylesheet tag is used to associate an external .CSS file with the document. When using the link stylesheet tag it is necessary to include both type="text/css" and media="value", where “value” is set to either “print”, “screen”, or “all”:

<link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/print.css" type="text/css" media="print"/>

<link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/screen.css" type="text/css" media="screen"/>

<link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/mains.css" type="text/css" media="all"/>

link shortcut icon

The link shortcut icon tag is used to associate a favicon.ico file to the document. In addition the link shortcut icon tag, the link icon tag also links a site to its associated favicon. Often, documents employ both of the following links tags (with identical directory paths) simultaneously:

<link rel="shortcut icon" href="favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon"/>

<link rel="icon" href="http://domain.com/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon"/>

<link rel="icon" href="http://domain.com/favicon.png" type="image/png"/>

link alternate

The link alternate tag may be used for establishing any number of a variety of link types. This tag is frequently associated with syndicated content, their inclusion subsequently enabling modern browsers to “autodiscover” any feeds that may be offered. For WordPress users, there is now a plugin that automatically produces a user-specified set of feed links ². For this tag, the type attribute defines the feed format, while the title attribute specifies the title given to the feed. Here are several examples of the link alternate tag providing feed links:

<link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="RSS 2.0 Feed" href="http://www.domain.com/RSS"/>

<link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Atom Feed" href="http://www.domain.com/Atom"/>

<link rel="alternate" type="text/xml" title="RSS 0.92 Feed" href="http://www.domain.com/feed"/>

link pingback

The link pingback tag enables pingbacks by associating required function(s) via the hypertext reference attribute (href):

<link rel="pingback" href="http://www.domain.com/xmlrpc.php"/>

link archives

The link archives tag is used to associate a set of archive links to specified documents:

<link rel="archives" title="Archive Title" href="http://www.domain.com/archive/2002"/>

link bookmark

The bookmark tag specifies a “key entry point within an extended document.” For example, the following bookmark links employ title attributes to specify associated names for each of the bookmarks. Each web document may include multiple bookmark links.

<link rel="bookmark" type="text/html" href="http://domain.tld/current-doc.php#bookmark-01" title="Title of First Bookmark"/>

<link rel="bookmark" type="text/html" href="http://domain.tld/current-doc.php#bookmark-02" title="Title of Second Bookmark"/>

<link rel="bookmark" type="text/html" href="http://domain.tld/current-doc.php#bookmark-03" title="Title of Third Bookmark"/>

a few more..

Here are a few more that should be relatively (ha ha) self-explanatory:

<link rel="contents" href="http://domain.tld/main/" title="Main Contents"/>

<link rel="start" href="http://domain.tld/intro/" title="Introduction Page"/>

<link rel="help" href="http://domain.tld/faq/" title="Frequently Asked Questions"/>

<link rel="copyright" href="http://domain.tld/copyright/" title="Copyright Statement"/>

<link rel="license" href="http://domain.tld/license/" title="License Information"/>

<link rel="top" type="text/html" href="http://domain.tld/"/>

<link rel="parent" type="text/html" href="http://domain.tld/"/>

<link rel="author" href="mailto:spam@spamcity.com"/>

<link rel="contents" type="text/html" href="http://domain.tld/sitemap.html"/>

<link rel="index" type="text/html" href="http://domain.tld/related-index.html"/>

<link rel="glossary" type="text/html" href="http://domain.tld/related-glossary.html"/>

<link rel="chapter" type="text/html" href="http://domain.tld/chapter-of-series.html"/>

<link rel="section" type="text/html" href="http://domain.tld/section-of-series.html"/>

<link rel="subsection" type="text/html" href="http://domain.tld/subsection-of-series.html"/>

<link rel="appendix" type="text/html" href="http://domain.tld/related-appendix.html"/>

Beyond the link types defined in this article, authors may create customized link types by defining them in an associated profile. For more information, refer to the profile attribute in the head element of this document (view source code).

meta tags [ ^ ]

Each meta element provides metadata according to its pair of name and content attributes. For each meta element, name specifies the property and content defines its property. All meta tags are entirely case-insensitive. If you are using XHTML for markup, however, all tags must be lowercase, but their values are case-insensitive. WordPress users may now add a complete set of meta data by using our free plugin, Head MetaData Plus ³.

meta title

Although the meta title tag is no longer used by most major search engines, it remains useful for reference and organizational purposes. This tag is simialr to the title tag, which should be used either in addition to or as replacement for the meta title tag:

<meta name="title" content="This is the Title of the Page"/>

meta description

The meta description tag is used in the search results of major search engines. Optimizing the content of this tag with effective keywords will help improve page rank. Use any alphanumeric characters — uppercase and/or lowercase — and limit to 250 characters (including spaces) or less:

<meta name="description" content="This is the description of the page."/>

meta keywords

Also important in search engine optimization, meta keywords are used by search engines in determining the type of content contained in the document. To optimize this tag, limit the number of keywords to around 12 page-specific lowercase words or short phrases. The keywords may be space-seperated or comma-seperated:

<meta name="keywords" content="keywords, buzzwords, descriptive, optimized, spelling, variations, etcetera"/>

meta language

The meta language tag indicates the language used in the document (related tag: http-equiv language):

<meta name="language" content="English"/>

meta subject

The meta subject tag indicates the primary subject of the document. Although the meta subject tag is no longer used by most major search engines, it remains useful for reference and organizational purposes:

<meta name="subject" content="The Subject of the Page"/>

meta abstract

The meta abstract tag provides a brief description of the document, and is usually a summary of the description tag:

<meta name="abstract" content="This is a brief yet descriptive summary of the page content."/>

meta generator

The meta generator tag specifies the generator or software used in the production of the document:

<meta name="generator" content="The Generator of the Document"/>

meta publisher

The meta publisher tag specifies the publisher of the document:

<meta name="publisher" content="Document Publisher"/>

meta owner

The meta owner tag specifies the owner of the document:

<meta name="owner" content="Document Owner"/>

meta copyright

The meta copyright tag specifies copyright information and/or trademark names, patent numbers, or other legal information:

<meta name="copyright" content="The Business, 2008. All rights Reserved."/>

meta date

The meta date tag specifies the date on which the document was last modified:

<meta name="date" content="YYYY-MM-DDThh:mm:ssTZD" />

• YYYY = four-digit year
• MM = two-digit month
• DD = two-digit day of month
• hh = two-digit hour (00 through 23 only)
• mm = two-digit minute (00 through 59)
• ss = two-digit second (00 through 59)
• TZD = time zone designator

meta address

The meta address tag specifies an associated contact address for the document:

<meta name="address" content="contact address info" />

meta author

The meta author tag specifies the author(s) of the document, and may include name(s), email(s), and/or url(s). Note, the preferred language of the author should be specified via the lang="xx" attribute, where xx represents the two-digit language abbreviation.

<meta name="author" content="Author Name, spam-please@tons-of-spam.com"/>

meta designer

The meta designer tag specifies the designer(s) of the document:

<meta name="designer" content="The Designer"/>

meta template

The meta template tag indicates the name of any template pertaining to the document:

<meta name="template" content="Template Name"/>

meta resource-type

The meta resource-type tag describes the document resource type, and should be used in conjuction with the DTD declaration. Apparently, the value for the content attribute must always be document:

<meta name="resource-type" content="document"/>

meta classification

The meta classification tag describes the document’s classification:

<meta name="classification" content="Website Design"/>

meta doc-type, doc-class, & doc-rights

Here are three additional tags that may be used to help further define, classify and/or organize documents:

<meta name="doc-type" content="public"/>

<meta name="doc-class" content="completed"/>

<meta name="doc-rights" content="copywritten work"/>

meta distribution

The meta distribution tag defines the intended level of distribution of the document on the world wide web. Supported distribution types include global (WWWeb), local (IP Block), and IU (Internal Use: not recommended, may cause problems). Use of this tag is rare for documents that are intended for use throughout the entire World Wide Web. Documents using this tag to limit distribution are advised to use the robots.txt or htaccess file either in addition to or as replacement for the meta distribution tag.

<meta name="distribution" content="global"/>

meta page-topic

The meta page-topic tag describes the topic of the document:

<meta name="page-topic" content="Topic of the Page"/>

meta page-type

The meta page-type tag enables authors to further specify and/or classify the page by indicating a specific type:

<meta name="page-type" content="Commercial"/>

meta audience

The meta audience tag specifies a specific audience type:

<meta name="audience" content="All"/>

meta rating

The meta rating tag specifies the rating of the document within the context of intended audience type:

<meta name="rating" content="general"/>

meta robots

The meta robots tag declares to search engines which links and/or content to follow/ignore, cache/archive, and/or display/ignore. Although the robots.txt¹ file is the preferred method for these directives, the meta robots tag issues the same directives, namely all, index, noindex, follow, nofollow, as well as noimageindex and nomediaindex (related tag: http-equiv cache-control):

<meta name="robots" content="index,follow"/>

Here are the possible values for the meta robots tag:

• index - index the page
• noindex - don’t index the page
• follow - follow links from the page
• nofollow - don’t follow links from the page
• noarchive - don’t cache/archive the page
• none - do nothing, ignore the page
• all - do whatever you want, default behavior

meta googlebot

The meta googlebot tag declares to search engines which links and/or content to follow/ignore, cache/archive, and/or display/ignore. Although the robots.txt¹ file is the preferred method for these directives, the meta googlebot tag issues the same directives, namely all (open season on all content), index (index pages for search results), noindex (do not index pages for search results), follow (follow links), nofollow (do not follow links), archive (please archive/cache all content), noarchive (do not cache/archive content), snippet (use cached content as search result excerpt), nosnippet (use no excerpt or cached content in search results — use title tag instead):

<meta name="googlebot" content="noarchive"/>

meta refresh

The meta refresh tag instructs the browser to refresh the document after the specified number of seconds (related tag: http-equiv refresh):

<meta name="refresh" content="5"/>

meta expires

The meta expires tag is used in conjuction with the meta revisit-after tag for frequently updated content. The meta expires tag indicates the expiry date for the document (related tag: http-equiv expires). This tag requires RFC1123 date format:

<meta name="expires" content="Mon, 04 Jul 2050 07:07:07 GMT"/>

<meta name="expires" content="Never"/>

meta revisit-after

The revisit-after tag declares the number of days after which search engines should revisit your webpage for re-indexing. This tag is used in conjuction with the meta expires tag for frequently updated content. The revisit-after tag is useful for search rank optimization when search results are ordered according to date of most recent submission:

<meta name="revisit-after" content="3"/>

meta reply-to

The meta reply-to tag specifies contact information (related tag: http-equiv reply-to):

<meta name="reply-to" content="Some Person, somebody@somewhere.com"/>

meta no-email-collection

The meta no-email-collection tag instructs search agents not to collect any email addresses from the document. Further, a link may provided to any specific email policy regarded by the domain. Note: although some search engines may indeed obey this command, many do not.

<meta name="no-email-collection" value="http://www.domain.com/policy.html"/>

meta VW96.ObjectType

The meta VW96.ObjectType tag is based on an early version of the Dublin Core report, using a defined schema of document types:

<meta name="VW96.ObjectType" content="faq | howto |etc"/>

meta MSSmartTags

The meta MSSmartTags tag has something to do with Microsoft software and, well I really don’t (yawn) care enough to research this tag:

<meta name="MSSmartTags" content="true"/>

<meta name="MSSmartTagsPreventParsing" content="true"/>

Other proprietary Microsoft nonsense

These are listed here for reference purposes only. If you find yourself needing more information regarding these proprietary tags, you are in a dark place, traveling down a very dark road..

<meta name="DownloadOptions" content="Download Options for Whatever"/>

<meta name="ProgId" content="Programmatic Identifier for Whatever"/>

<meta name="Template" content="Template Location for the Document"/>

Here is one for the MSIE image toolbar. Useful for disabling such nonsense:

<meta http-equiv="imagetoolbar" content="yes|no|true|false"/>

This one is used to disable the MS WinXP theme compatibility nonsense:

<meta http-equiv="MSThemeCompatible" content="no"/>

meta version

Indicate any specific content version info via this tag:

<meta name="version" content="MeatSpace 3.0"/>

meta presdate

Indicate any specific content presentation date via this tag: (date shown represents 2007/01/01)

<meta name="presdate" content="20070101"/>

meta defaultView

Indicate any specific content view type via this tag:

<meta name="defaultView" content="slideshow"/>

meta controlVis

Indicate the visibilty status of any inherent controls for the document:

<meta name="controlVis" content="hidden"/>

meta viewport

This tag is recognized by the iPhone’s Mobile Safari browser and controls the behavior of its viewport. For example, if your site is 777 pixels wide, using the following meta tag would enable Mobile Safari to size the viewport according to the correct dimensions:

<meta name="viewport" content="width=777" />

miscellaneous meta attributes

<meta name="autosize" content="off"/>

geo meta tags [ ^ ]

The meta geo tag specifies the relative physical location of the document. For the geo.position name, latitude is plotted vertically as the “y” coordinate, while longitude is plotted horizontally as the “x” coordinate. For more information, search for “geotag generator” and “checkmap” or “check map” Web pages that utilize the geo.position tag are encouraged to display a GeoTag icon:

<meta name="geo.position" content="latitude;longitude"/>

<meta name="geo.position" content="49.2;-123.4"/>

The geo.placename helps to further define physical location by specifying the name of the location:

<meta name="geo.placename" content="place name"/>

<meta name="geo.placename" content="London, Ontario"/>

There is also a geo.region tag that is useful for indicating the associated region via the country’s subdivision code. The country’s subdivion code is predefined, taken from a controlled ISO 3166-2 list, and may be used for resource discovery. If the regional code is unknown, the 2-character country code may be used instead. This tag may also be used to check or validate the geo.position tag:

<meta name="geo.region" content="country subdivision code"/>

<meta name="geo.region" content="US-WA"/>

And don’t forget about the "geo.country" meta tag, which indicates the two-digit abbreviation of the associated country:

<meta name="geo.country" content="US"/>

Here is another set of tags used to add your location to the GeoURL ICBM Address Server

( more info ):

<meta name="ICBM" content="XXX.XXXXX, XXX.XXXXX"/>

<meta name="DC.title" content="THE NAME OF YOUR SITE"/>

Dublin Core tags [ ^ ]

The Dublin Core Metadata Initiative (DCMI) is an organization dedicated to promoting the widespread adoption of interoperable metadata standards and developing specialized metadata vocabularies for describing resources that enable more intelligent information discovery systems.

Here are a few of the metadata elements developed by the Dublin Core; for a complete list, check out their website at http://dublincore.org/.

<meta name="dc.title" content="Document Title"/>

<meta name="dc.format" content="Document Format"/>

<meta name="dc.rights" content="Document Rights"/>

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Meta Tag For Blogger Blogspot

Different Meta Tags For Each Post Blogger

What's Different Meta Tags For Each Post in Blogger?

By default if you're adding Meta Tags to blogger template, then all of your page including home page will have the same Meta Tags Description. Is it wrong? No. It's just when you submitted your blog to google then you'll have duplicate meta tags description. different Meta Tags Description in each post will be more google friendly.

Step by Step to add Different Meta tags description For Each Post in your blogspot blog.

Step 1 Install title tags optimized

<b:include data='blog' name='all-head-content'/>
<b:if cond='data:blog.pageType == &quot;index&quot;'>
<title><data:blog.pageName/> | <data:blog.title/></title>
<b:else/>
<title><data:blog.pageTitle/></title>
</b:if>
<b:skin><![CDATA[/*

Step 2 Add Meta tag Description and Meta Keywords

<b:if cond='data:blog.url == data:blog.homepageUrl'>
<meta content='Your home page description' name='description'/>
<meta content='your keywords, keywords1, keyword2' name='keywords'/>
</b:if>

<b:if cond='data:blog.pageType == &quot;item&quot;'>
<meta expr:content='data:blog.pageTitle' name='Description'/>
<meta expr:content='data:blog.pageName + &quot;, your keywords, keywords1, keyword2 &quot;' name='keywords'/>
</b:if>

Step 3 Change The Blue Text To Your Own

Step 4 Your Final code Should be like below

<b:include data='blog' name='all-head-content'/>
<b:if cond='data:blog.pageType == &quot;index&quot;'>
<title><data:blog.pageName/> | <data:blog.title/></title>
<b:else/>
<title><data:blog.pageTitle/></title>
</b:if>

<b:if cond='data:blog.url == data:blog.homepageUrl'>
<meta content='Your home page description' name='description'/>
<meta content='your keywords, keywords1, keyword2' name='keywords'/>
</b:if>

<b:if cond='data:blog.pageType == &quot;item&quot;'>
<meta expr:content='data:blog.pageTitle' name='Description'/>
<meta expr:content='data:blog.pageName + &quot;, your keywords, keywords1, keyword2 &quot;' name='keywords'/>
</b:if>

<b:skin><![CDATA[/*

Step 5. Save it and Done. For question please refer to this page

Different Meta Tags For Each Post Blogger

Good luck.